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दक्षिण एशियाको पुरातन राजनीतिमा जनता भने शब्द धेरै चलाउने प्रचलन छ। जात, भात, सुकुम्बासी, फोहोरमैला जस्ता शब्द चलाउने चलन त अझै बढी छ। बाटोघाटो-बत्ति, पानी जस्ता आधारभूत कुरालाई ठुला बिकासका सपना भनेर राखिन्छ। खासमा यी त नितान्त छिटो र छोटो समयमा पुरा गर्नुपर्ने आधारभूत कुरा हुन्। अनि यस्तै कुरालाई पक्ष या विपक्षको लागि मुद्धा बनाएर प्रयोग गर्ने चलन थियो र अहिले पनि छ।

भारतकै पनि धेरै राज्यमा यस्ता खाले राजनीतिमा सुधार आउंदै गएको छ। उदाहरणको रुपमा बिहारलाइ लिन सकिन्छ। लालु कालखण्ड समाप्त हुँदा नागरिक जीवन पुरै बदलिएको छ। तर नेपालमा भने अझै पनि लालु कालखण्डको सिको गरेकाले काठमाण्डौ जस्ता शहरमा पनि कहिले फोहोर मैला, कहिले सुकुम्बासी अनि कहिले के को राजनीति निरन्तर चलेको छ। 

नेपालमा यस्तो सृजित राजनीतिका कुरा गर्नेमा नेपाली कांग्रेस, नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (नेकपा) एमाले, नेकपा माओबादी, राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (राप्रपा) जस्ता सबै दल कुनै न कुनै रुपमा जोडिएका छन्। धेर र थोर सबै दोषी नै पाइएका छन्। अब त्यो समय बिस्तारै बिस्थापित हुँदै जानुपर्छ र जाँदै पनि छ।

जनता र नागरिकमा के फरक?

जनता: साब्दिक अर्थमा जनता भन्ने शब्दले एक राष्ट्र वा समुदायको सम्पूर्ण जनसंख्यालाई बुझाउँछ। त्यसले वासिन्दाको कानुनी स्थिति, उनीहरूको नागरिकता, उमेर, राष्ट्रियता वा कानूनी हैसियत जस्ता कुरालाइ ध्यान दिंदैन केवल त्यहाँ बस्ने वासिन्दालाइ मात्र समेट्छ।

नागरिक: नागरिक शब्दले कुनै देशको नागरिकता धारण गर्ने अधिकार सम्पन्न व्यक्तिलाई जनाउँछ। देशले आफ्ना सदस्यहरूलाई प्रदान गरेको कानुनी अधिकार, जिम्मेवारी र विशेषाधिकारहरू भएको व्यक्ति नै नागरिक हो। नागरिकहरूले सामान्यतया मतदानको अधिकार, सामाजिक सेवाहरूमा पहुँच, सुरक्षा जस्ता सुविधाहरू पाउँछन्। नागरिकका निश्चित कर्तव्यहरू र दायित्वहरू पनि समावेश हुन्छन्। त्यसैले देशको जिम्मेवार नागरिक भन्ने शब्द चलेको होला। छोटकरीमा भन्दा, अधिकार, ब्याख्या, पहिचान नभएका, उत्तरदायित्व र अधिकार नभएका भिड नै जनता हुन् भने एउटा देशका अधिकार सम्पन्न र जिम्मेवार व्यक्ति नै नागरिक हुन्।

अब कुरा गरौँ कार्यकर्ता र मतदाताका

मतदाता: मतदाता भनेको निर्वाचनको समयमा निर्वाचन प्रक्रियामा भाग लिने व्यक्ति हुन्। जसमा मतदान गर्ने अधिकार हुन्छ र  उनीहरुले प्रतिनिधि, नेता र नीतिहरूको छनौट गर्ने गर्दछन। मतदाताहरू विभिन्न जनसंख्या, क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्व, लैंगिक, भाषिक, विचारधारा वा राजनीतिक सम्बद्धता लगायत धेरै कुरामा फरक हुन सक्छन्। तर तिनीहरू सबैको मतले सामूहिक रूपमा नयाँ नेता चयन र ति नेताको लागि नीति र नतिजा निर्धारण गर्छ।

कार्यकर्ता: पार्टी/दलका कार्यकर्ताहरू भनेका दलका सदस्य मात्र हुन्। कार्यकर्ताले पार्टीको उद्देश्य, विचारधारा र चुनावमा सफलता पाउनको लागि काम गर्छन्। पार्टी गतिविधिहरूमा संलग्न हुन्छन् जस्तो की नयाँ सदस्य बनाउने, कोष सङ्कलन, प्रचार-प्रसार विचारको वकालत इत्यादि। मुख्य कुरा कार्यकर्ताहरु मतदाता नहुन पनि सक्छन। उनीहरुलाइ मतदान गर्ने अधिकार नहुन पनि सक्छ। तर मतदाता कार्यकर्ता हुन सजिलै सक्छन। मतदाताले सबैको लागि नेता छान्छन तर कार्यकर्ताले पार्टी/दलको लागि मात्र नेता छान्छन। त्यसैले पार्टीले पनि कार्यकर्ता भन्दा मतदाता बढाउनु बेश हो।  

अब कुरा गरौँ अलि फरक रुपमा

नेपालीहरुमा जनताबाट नागरिक र कार्यकर्ताबाट मतदाता हुने क्रम बढ्नुपर्छ। पछिल्लो समय केवल एउटा मात्र नेपाली दलले यस्तो अभियान चलाएको देखियो। बाँकी सबै दलहरु पुरातन बिधि मै छन्। त्यहि नागरिक र मतदाता होइन कार्यकर्ता बनाउनमा ब्यस्त छन्। त्यसैले गर्दा पुराना दलहरुको मत घट्दो रुपमा गएको छ। उनीहरुको सदस्यताको विवाद नै सबै भन्दा ठुलो हुन्छ।  

कुनै पनि दलले कार्यकर्ता होइन आफ्नो दलको लागि मतदान गर्ने मतदाता बढाउनुपर्छ। उसै पनि जनता र कार्यकर्ता भन्ने शब्दको प्रयोग धेरै त कम्युनिष्ट अधिनायकबादीको प्रवृति हो। नागरिक र मतदाता भनेको प्रजातन्त्रमा प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टीले लिने, चलाउने कुरा हो।

नेपाली के चाहन्छन?

नेपालका अहिलेका नयाँ मतदाताहरुले पार्टी र जेल-नेलको घन्टौं भाषण मात्र गर्ने राजनीति भन्दा योजना गरेर काम गर्ने दल खोजेका छन्। राजनीति मात्र गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने होइन ब्यबसायीक रुपमा सफल भएपछि मात्र राजनीतिमा झर्नुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा उनीहरुको बुझाइ हो। त्यसैले, जनता र कार्यकर्ता भन्ने कुरा मात्र होइन पार्टीका नीति, काम गर्ने तरिका, स्थानीय र राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा निर्वाचनका लागि टिकेट दिने कुरा साथै सिंगो पार्टी संरचना नै परिवर्तन हुनुपर्छ। अन्यथा मतदानमा पार्टीहरु बिलाउँदै जान्छन।

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